Notation

A summary of notation used in these notes.

“\(A \implies B\)” is read as “statement \(A\) implies statement \(B\)”.

\(\approx\) means approximately equal to.

We often use Greek letters for mathematical symbols.

Capital letter	Small letter	Name
\(A\)	\(\alpha\)	Alpha
\(B\)	\(\beta\)	Beta
\(\Gamma\)	\(\gamma\)	Gamma
\(\Delta\)	\(\delta\)	Delta
\(E\)	\(\epsilon\), \(\varepsilon\)	Epsilon
\(Z\)	\(\zeta\)	Zeta
\(H\)	\(\eta\)	Eta
\(\Theta\)	\(\theta\), \(\vartheta\)	Theta
\(I\)	\(\iota\)	Iota
\(K\)	\(\kappa\)	Kappa
\(\Lambda\)	\(\lambda\)	Lambda
\(M\)	\(\mu\)	Mu
\(N\)	\(\nu\)	Nu
\(\Xi\)	\(\xi\)	Xi
\(O\)	\(\omicron\)	Omicron
\(\Pi\)	\(\pi\)	Pi
\(R\)	\(\rho\), \(\varrho\)	Rho
\(\Sigma\)	\(\sigma\)	Sigma
\(T\)	\(\tau\)	Tau
\(\Upsilon\)	\(\upsilon\)	Upsilon
\(\Phi\)	\(\phi\), \(\varphi\)	Phi
\(X\)	\(\chi\)	Chi
\(\Psi\)	\(\psi\)	Psi
\(\Omega\)	\(\omega\)	Omega